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-CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -MISC1- Sec. 191. Regulation of anchorage and movement of vessels during national emergency. 191a. Transfer of Secretary of Transportation's powers to Secretary of Navy when Coast Guard operates as part of Navy. 191b, 191c. Repealed. 192. Seizure and forfeiture of vessel; fine and imprisonment. 193. Repealed. 194. Enforcement provisions. 195. Definitions. 196. Emergency foreign vessel acquisition; purchase or requisition of vessels lying idle in United States waters. 197. Voluntary purchase or charter agreements. 198. Requisitioned vessels. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 191 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 191. Regulation of anchorage and movement of vessels during national emergency -STATUTE- Whenever the President by proclamation or Executive order declares a national emergency to exist by reason of actual or threatened war, insurrection, or invasion, or disturbance or threatened disturbance of the international relations of the United States, or whenever the Attorney General determines that an actual or anticipated mass migration of aliens en route to, or arriving off the coast of, the United States presents urgent circumstances requiring an immediate Federal response, the Secretary of Transportation may make, subject to the approval of the President, rules and regulations governing the anchorage and movement of any vessel, foreign or domestic, in the territorial waters of the United States, may inspect such vessel at any time, place guards thereon, and, if necessary in his opinion in order to secure such vessels from damage or injury, or to prevent damage or injury to any harbor or waters of the United States, or to secure the observance of the rights and obligations of the United States, may take, by and with the consent of the President, for such purposes, full possession and control of such vessel and remove therefrom the officers and crew thereof and all other persons not specially authorized by him to go or remain on board thereof. Whenever the President finds that the security of the United States is endangered by reason of actual or threatened war, or invasion, or insurrection, or subversive activity, or of disturbances or threatened disturbances of the international relations of the United States, the President is authorized to institute such measures and issue such rules and regulations - (a) to govern the anchorage and movement of any foreign-flag vessels in the territorial waters of the United States, to inspect such vessels at any time, to place guards thereon, and, if necessary in his opinion in order to secure such vessels from damage or injury, or to prevent damage or injury to any harbor or waters of the United States, or to secure the observance of rights and obligations of the United States, may take for such purposes full possession and control of such vessels and remove therefrom the officers and crew thereof, and all other persons not especially authorized by him to go or remain on board thereof; (b) to safeguard against destruction, loss, or injury from sabotage or other subversive acts, accidents, or other causes of similar nature, vessels, harbors, ports, and waterfront facilities in the United States and all territory and water, continental or insular, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. The President may delegate the authority to issue such rules and regulations to the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating. Any appropriation available to any of the Executive Departments shall be available to carry out the provisions of this title.(!1) -SOURCE- (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title II, Sec. 1, 40 Stat. 220; Aug. 9, 1950, ch. 656, Sec. 1, 64 Stat. 427; Sept. 26, 1950, ch. 1049, Sec. 2(b), 64 Stat. 1038; Pub. L. 89-670, Sec. 6(b)(1), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 938; Pub. L. 96-70, title III, Sec. 3302(a), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 104-208, div. C, title VI, Sec. 649, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-711; Pub. L. 108-293, title II, Sec. 223, Aug. 9, 2004, 118 Stat. 1040.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This title, referred to in text, means title II of act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, 40 Stat. 220, as amended, which enacted sections 191 and 192 to 194 of this title. For complete classification of title II to the Code, see Tables. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 2004 - Pub. L. 108-293 inserted "The President may delegate the authority to issue such rules and regulations to the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating." at beginning of concluding provisions. 1996 - Pub. L. 104-208, in first par., inserted "or whenever the Attorney General determines that an actual or anticipated mass migration of aliens en route to, or arriving off the coast of, the United States presents urgent circumstances requiring an immediate Federal response," after "international relations of the United States,". 1979 - Pub. L. 96-70 struck out second par., providing that within the territory and waters of the Canal Zone the Governor of the Canal Zone, with the approval of the President, shall exercise all the powers conferred by this section on the Secretary of the Treasury, and in cl. (b) of third par., struck out "the Canal Zone," after "facilities in the United States,". 1950 - Act Sept. 26, 1950, substituted "Governor of the Canal Zone" for "Governor of the Panama Canal" in second par. Act Aug. 9, 1950, authorized the President to institute such rules and regulations to control anchorage and movement of foreign- flag vessels in United States waters when the national security is endangered. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1979 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96-70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96-70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. TERMINATION DATE OF 1950 AMENDMENT Section 4 of act Aug. 9, 1950, provided that: "The provisions of this Act [amending this section and sections 192 and 194 of this title] shall expire on such date as may be specified by concurrent resolution of the two Houses of Congress." TERMINATION OF WAR AND EMERGENCIES Act July 25, 1947, ch. 327, Sec. 3, 61 Stat. 451, provided that in the interpretation of this section, the date July 25, 1947, shall be deemed to be the date of termination of any state of war theretofore declared by Congress and of the national emergencies proclaimed by the President on Sept. 8, 1939, and May 27, 1941. REGULATIONS - POST-WAR GENERALLY For regulations relating to safeguarding of vessels, harbors, ports, and waterfront facilities, under a finding that the security of the United States is endangered by reason of subversive activity, see Ex. Ord. No. 10173, Oct. 18, 1950, 15 F.R. 7005. REGULATIONS - WORLD WAR II Proc. No. 2732, June 2, 1947, 12 F.R. 3583, 61 Stat. 1069, revoked Proc. No. 2412, June 27, 1940, 5 F.R. 2419, 54 Stat. 2711, which granted consent of President to the exercise of certain powers under this section by the Secretary of the Treasury and the Governor of the Canal Zone. REGULATIONS - WORLD WAR I A proclamation was issued under this section on December 3, 1917. SEPARABILITY Section 4 of title XIII of act June 15, 1917, provided: "If any clause, sentence, paragraph, or part of this Act [see Tables for classification] shall for any reason be adjudged by any court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair, or invalidate the remainder thereof but shall be confined in its operation to the clause, sentence, paragraph, or part thereof directly involved in the controversy in which such judgment shall have been rendered." -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. "Secretary of Transportation" substituted for "Secretary of the Treasury" in first paragraph of text pursuant to section 6(b)(1) of Pub. L. 89-670, which transferred Coast Guard to Department of Transportation and transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation functions, powers, and duties, relating to Coast Guard, of Secretary of the Treasury and of other officers and offices of Department of the Treasury. See section 108 of Title 49, Transportation. DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation to Secretary of the Treasury of authority vested in President by this section, see section 2(e) of Ex. Ord. No. 10289, Sept. 17, 1951, 16 F.R. 9499, as amended, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President. -EXEC- PROC. NO. 6867. DECLARATION OF NATIONAL EMERGENCY AND INVOCATION OF EMERGENCY AUTHORITY RELATING TO REGULATION OF ANCHORAGE AND MOVEMENT OF VESSELS Proc. No. 6867, Mar. 1, 1996, 61 F.R. 8843, provided: WHEREAS, on February 24, 1996, Cuban military aircraft intercepted and destroyed two unarmed U.S.-registered civilian aircraft in international airspace north of Cuba; WHEREAS the Government of Cuba has demonstrated a ready and reckless willingness to use excessive force, including deadly force, in the ostensible enforcement of its sovereignty; WHEREAS, on July 13, 1995, persons in U.S.-registered vessels who entered into Cuban territorial waters suffered injury as a result of the reckless use of force against them by the Cuban military; and WHEREAS the entry of U.S.-registered vessels into Cuban territorial waters could again result in injury to, or loss of life of, persons engaged in that conduct, due to the potential use of excessive force, including deadly force, against them by the Cuban military, and could threaten a disturbance in international relations; NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 1 of title II of Public Law 65-24, ch. 30, June 15, 1917, as amended (50 U.S.C. 191), sections 201 and 301 of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) [50 U.S.C. 1621, 1631], and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, find and do hereby proclaim that a national emergency does exist by reason of a disturbance or threatened disturbance of international relations. In order to address this national emergency and to secure the observance of the rights and obligations of the United States, I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of Transportation (the "Secretary") to make and issue such rules and regulations as the Secretary may find appropriate to regulate the anchorage and movement of vessels, and delegate to the Secretary my authority to approve such rules and regulations, as authorized by the Act of June 15, 1917 [see Tables for classification]. Section 1. The Secretary may make rules and regulations governing the anchorage and movement of any vessel, foreign or domestic, in the territorial waters of the United States, which may be used, or is susceptible of being used, for voyage into Cuban territorial waters and that may create unsafe conditions and threaten a disturbance of international relations. Any rule or regulation issued pursuant to this proclamation may be effective immediately upon issuance as such rule or regulation shall involve a foreign affairs function of the United States. Sec. 2. The Secretary is authorized to inspect any vessel, foreign or domestic, in the territorial waters of the United States, at any time; to place guards on any such vessel; and, with my consent expressly hereby granted, take full possession and control of any such vessel and remove the officers and crew, and all other persons not specifically authorized by the Secretary to go or remain on board the vessel when necessary to secure the rights and obligations of the United States. Sec. 3. The Secretary may request assistance from such departments, agencies, officers, or instrumentalities of the United States as the Secretary deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this proclamation. Such departments, agencies, officers, or instrumentalities shall, consistent with other provisions of law and to the extent practicable, provide requested assistance. Sec. 4. The Secretary may seek assistance from State and local authorities in carrying out the purposes of this proclamation. Because State and local assistance may be essential for an effective response to this emergency, I urge all State and local officials to cooperate with Federal authorities and to take all actions within their lawful authority necessary to prevent the unauthorized departure of vessels intending to enter Cuban territorial waters. Sec. 5. All powers and authorities delegated by this proclamation to the Secretary may be delegated by the Secretary to other officers and agents of the United States Government unless otherwise prohibited by law. Sec. 6. This proclamation shall be immediately transmitted to the Congress and published in the Federal Register. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-six, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twentieth. William J. Clinton. CONTINUATION OF NATIONAL EMERGENCY DECLARED BY PROC. NO. 6867 Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 10, 2006, 71 F.R. 2133, provided: On March 1, 1996, by Proclamation 6867 [set out above], a national emergency was declared to address the disturbance or threatened disturbance of international relations caused by the February 24, 1996, destruction by the Cuban government of two unarmed U.S.-registered civilian aircraft in international airspace north of Cuba. In July 1996 and on subsequent occasions, the Cuban government stated its intent to forcefully defend its sovereignty against any U.S.-registered vessels or aircraft that might enter Cuban territorial waters or airspace while involved in a flotilla or peaceful protest. Since these events, the Cuban government has not demonstrated that it will refrain from the future use of reckless and excessive force against U.S. vessels or aircraft that may engage in memorial activities or peaceful protest north of Cuba. On February 26, 2004, by Proclamation 7757 [set out below], the scope of the national emergency was expanded in order to deny monetary and material support to the repressive Cuban government, which had taken a series of steps to destabilize relations with the United States, including threatening to abrogate the Migration Accords with the United States and to close the United States Interests Section. Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing for 1 year the national emergency with respect to Cuba and the emergency authority relating to the regulation of the anchorage and movement of vessels set out in Proclamation 6687 [6867], as amended and expanded by Proclamation 7757. This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and transmitted to the Congress. George W. Bush. Prior continuations of national emergency declared by Proc. No. 6867 were contained in the following: Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 18, 2005, 70 F.R. 8919. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 26, 2004, 69 F.R. 9513. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 27, 2003, 68 F.R. 9849. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 26, 2002, 67 F.R. 9387. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 27, 2001, 66 F.R. 12841. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 25, 2000, 65 F.R. 10929. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 24, 1999, 64 F.R. 9903. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 25, 1998, 63 F.R. 9923. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 27, 1997, 62 F.R. 9347. PROC. NO. 7757. EXPANDING THE SCOPE OF THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY AND INVOCATION OF EMERGENCY AUTHORITY RELATING TO THE REGULATION OF THE ANCHORAGE AND MOVEMENT OF VESSELS INTO CUBAN TERRITORIAL WATERS Proc. No. 7757, Feb. 26, 2004, 69 F.R. 9515, provided: By the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, in order to expand the scope of the national emergency declared in Proclamation 6867 of March 1, 1996 [set out above], based on the disturbance or threatened disturbance of the international relations of the United States caused by actions taken by the Cuban government, and in light of steps taken over the past year by the Cuban government to worsen the threat to United States international relations, and, WHEREAS the United States has determined that Cuba is a state- sponsor of terrorism and it is subject to the restrictions of section 6(j)(1)(A) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 [50 U.S.C. App. 2405(j)(1)(A)], section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2371], and section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2780]; WHEREAS the Cuban government has demonstrated a ready and reckless willingness to use excessive force, including deadly force, against U.S. citizens, in the ostensible enforcement of its sovereignty, including the February 1996 shoot-down of two unarmed U.S.-registered civilian aircraft in international airspace, resulting in the deaths of three American citizens and one other individual; WHEREAS the Cuban government has demonstrated a ready and reckless willingness to use excessive force, including deadly force, against U.S. citizens and its own citizens, including on July 13, 1995, when persons in U.S.-registered vessels that entered into Cuban territorial waters suffered injury as a result of the reckless use of force against them by the Cuban military, and including the July 1994 sinking of an unarmed Cuban-registered vessel, resulting in the deaths of 41 Cuban citizens; WHEREAS the Cuban government has impounded U.S.-registered vessels in Cuban ports and forced the owners, as a condition of release, to violate U.S. law by requiring payments to be made to the Cuban government; WHEREAS the entry of any U.S.-registered vessels into Cuban territorial waters could result in injury to, or loss of life of, persons engaged in that conduct, due to the potential use of excessive force, including deadly force, against them by the Cuban military, and could threaten a disturbance of international relations; WHEREAS the unauthorized entry of vessels subject to the jurisdiction of the United States into Cuban territorial waters is in violation of U.S. law and contrary to U.S. policy; WHEREAS the objectives of U.S. policy regarding Cuba are the end of the dictatorship and a rapid, peaceful transition to a representative democracy respectful of human rights and characterized by an open market economic system; WHEREAS a critical initiative by the United States to advance these U.S. objectives is to deny resources to the repressive Cuban government, resources that may be used by that government to support terrorist activities and carry out excessive use of force against innocent victims, including U.S. citizens; WHEREAS the unauthorized entry of U.S.-registered vessels into Cuban territorial waters is detrimental to the foreign policy of the United States, which is to deny monetary and material support to the repressive Cuban government, and, therefore, such unauthorized entries threaten to disturb the international relations of the United States by facilitating the Cuban government's support of terrorism, use of excessive force, and continued existence; WHEREAS the Cuban government has over the course of its 45-year existence repeatedly used violence and the threat of violence to undermine U.S. policy interests. This same regime continues in power today, and has since 1959 maintained a pattern of hostile actions contrary to U.S. policy interests. Among other things, the Cuban government established a military alliance with the Soviet Union, and invited Soviet forces to install nuclear missiles in Cuba capable of attacking the United States, and encouraged Soviet authorities to use those weapons against the United States; it engaged in military adventurism in Africa; and it helped to form and provide material and political support to terrorist organizations that sought the violent overthrow of democratically elected governments in Central America and elsewhere in the hemisphere allied with the United States, thereby causing repeated disturbances of U.S. international relations; WHEREAS the Cuban government has recently and over the last year taken a series of steps to destabilize relations with the United States, including threatening to abrogate the Migration Accords with the United States and to close the U.S. Interests Section, and Cuba's most senior officials repeatedly asserting that the United States intended to invade Cuba, despite explicit denials from the U.S. Secretaries of State and Defense that such action is planned, thereby causing a sudden and worsening disturbance of U.S. international relations; WHEREAS U.S. concerns about these unforeseen Cuban government actions that threaten to disturb international relations were sufficiently grave that on May 8, 2003, the United States warned the Cuban government that political manipulations that resulted in a mass migration would be viewed as a "hostile act;" NOW, THEREFORE, I, GEORGE W. BUSH, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 1 of title II of Public Law 65-24, ch. 30, June 15, 1917, as amended (50 U.S.C. 191), sections 201 and 301 of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) [50 U.S.C. 1621, 1631], and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, in order to expand the scope of the national emergency declared in Proclamation 6867 of March 1, 1996 [set out above], and to secure the observance of the rights and obligations of the United States, hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of Homeland Security (the "Secretary") to make and issue such rules and regulations as the Secretary may find appropriate to regulate the anchorage and movement of vessels, and authorize and approve the Secretary's issuance of such rules and regulations, as authorized by the Act of June 15, 1917 [see Tables for classification]. Section 1. The Secretary may make rules and regulations governing the anchorage and movement of any vessel, foreign or domestic, in the territorial waters of the United States, which may be used, or is susceptible of being used, for voyage into Cuban territorial waters and that may create unsafe conditions, or result in unauthorized transactions, and thereby threaten a disturbance of international relations. Any rule or regulation issued pursuant to this proclamation may be effective immediately upon issuance as such rule or regulation shall involve a foreign affairs function of the United States. Sec. 2. The Secretary is authorized to inspect any vessel, foreign or domestic, in the territorial waters of the United States, at any time; to place guards on any such vessel; and, with my consent expressly hereby granted, take full possession and control of any such vessel and remove the officers and crew and all other persons not specifically authorized by the Secretary to go or remain on board the vessel when necessary to secure the rights and obligations of the United States. Sec. 3. The Secretary may request assistance from such departments, agencies, officers, or instrumentalities of the United States as the Secretary deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this proclamation. Such departments, agencies, officers, or instrumentalities shall, consistent with other provisions of law and to the extent practicable, provide requested assistance. Sec. 4. The Secretary may seek assistance from State and local authorities in carrying out the purposes of this proclamation. Because State and local assistance may be essential for an effective response to this emergency, I urge all State and local officials to cooperate with Federal authorities and to take all actions within their lawful authority necessary to prevent the unauthorized departure of vessels intending to enter Cuban territorial waters. Sec. 5. All powers and authorities delegated by this proclamation to the Secretary may be delegated by the Secretary to other officers and agents of the United States Government unless otherwise prohibited by law. Sec. 6. Any provisions of Proclamation 6867 [set out above] that are inconsistent with the provisions of this proclamation are superseded to the extent of such inconsistency. Sec. 7. This proclamation shall be immediately transmitted to the Congress and published in the Federal Register. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord two thousand four, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-eighth. George W. Bush. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) See References in Text note below. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 191a 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 191a. Transfer of Secretary of Transportation's powers to Secretary of Navy when Coast Guard operates as part of Navy -STATUTE- When the Coast Guard operates as a part of the Navy pursuant to section 3 of title 14, the powers conferred on the Secretary of Transportation by section 191 of this title, shall vest in and be exercised by the Secretary of the Navy. -SOURCE- (Nov. 15, 1941, ch. 471, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 763; Pub. L. 87-845, Sec. 11, Oct. 18, 1962, 76A Stat. 699; Pub. L. 89-670, Sec. 6(b)(1), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 938.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1962 - Pub. L. 87-845 substituted "section 3 of title 14" for "section 1 of title 14". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1962 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 87-845 effective Jan. 2, 1963, see section 25 of Pub. L. 87-845, set out as a note under section 414 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. "Secretary of Transportation" substituted in text for "Secretary of the Treasury" pursuant to section 6(b)(1) of Pub. L. 89-670, which transferred Coast Guard to Department of Transportation and transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation functions, powers, and duties, relating to Coast Guard, of Secretary of the Treasury and of other officers and offices of Department of the Treasury. See section 108 of Title 49, Transportation. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 191b 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 191b. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 191b. Repealed. Pub. L. 96-70, title III, Sec. 3303(a)(5), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 499. Section, acts Nov. 15, 1941, ch. 471, Sec. 4, 55 Stat. 763; Sept. 26, 1950, ch. 1049, Sec. 2(b), 64 Stat. 1038; Oct. 18, 1962, Pub. L. 87-845, Sec. 12, 76A Stat. 699, provided that this section, section 191a of this title, and section 91 of title 14 not affect the authority of the Governor of the Canal Zone conferred by section 191 of this title or section 34 of Title 2, Canal Zone Code. EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96-70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 191c 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 191c. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 191c. Repealed. Aug. 4, 1949, ch. 393, Sec. 20, 63 Stat. 561. Section, act Nov. 15, 1941, ch. 471, Sec. 1, 55 Stat. 763, related to control of anchorage and movement of vessels to insure safety of naval vessels. See section 91 of Title 14, Coast Guard. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 192 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 192. Seizure and forfeiture of vessel; fine and imprisonment -STATUTE- (a) In general If any owner, agent, master, officer, or person in charge, or any member of the crew of any such vessel fails to comply with any regulation or rule issued or order given under the provisions of this title,(!1) or obstructs or interferes with the exercise of any power conferred by this title,(!1) the vessel, together with her tackle, apparel, furniture, and equipment, shall be subject to seizure and forfeiture to the United States in the same manner as merchandise is forfeited for violation of the customs revenue laws; and the person guilty of such failure, obstruction, or interference shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than ten years and may, in the discretion of the court, be fined not more than $10,000. (b) Application to others If any other person knowingly fails to comply with any regulation or rule issued or order given under the provisions of this title,(!1) or knowingly obstructs or interferes with the exercise of any power conferred by this title,(!1) he shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than ten years and may, at the discretion of the court, be fined not more than $10,000. (c) Civil penalty A person violating this title,(!1) or a regulation prescribed under this title,(!1) shall be liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 for each violation. Each day of a continuing violation shall constitute a separate violation. (d) In rem liability Any vessel that is used in violation of this title,(!1) or of any regulation issued under this title,(!1) shall be liable in rem for any civil penalty assessed pursuant to subsection (c) of this section and may be proceeded against in the United States district court for any district in which such vessel may be found. (e) Withholding of clearance (1) In general If any owner, agent, master, officer, or person in charge of a vessel is liable for a penalty or fine under subsection (c) of this section, or if reasonable cause exists to believe that the owner, agent, master, officer, or person in charge may be subject to a penalty or fine under this section, the Secretary may, with respect to such vessel, refuse or revoke any clearance required by section 60105 of title 46. (2) Clearance upon filing of bond or other surety The Secretary may require the filing of a bond or other surety as a condition of granting clearance refused or revoked under this subsection. -SOURCE- (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title II, Sec. 2, 40 Stat. 220; Mar. 28, 1940, ch. 72, Sec. 3(a), 54 Stat. 79; Nov. 15, 1941, ch. 471, Sec. 3, 55 Stat. 763; Aug. 9, 1950, ch. 656, Sec. 3, 64 Stat. 428; Pub. L. 107-295, title I, Sec. 104(b), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2085; Pub. L. 108-293, title VIII, Sec. 802(b), Aug. 9, 2004, 118 Stat. 1079.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This title, referred to in subsecs. (a) to (d), means title II of act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, 40 Stat. 220, as amended, which enacted sections 191 and 192 to 194 of this title. For complete classification of title II to the Code, see Tables. -COD- CODIFICATION In subsec. (e)(1), "section 60105 of title 46" substituted for "section 4197 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (46 U.S.C. App. 91)" on authority of Pub. L. 109-304, Sec. 18(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709, which Act enacted section 60105 of Title 46, Shipping. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 2004 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108-293, Sec. 802(b)(1), substituted "title" for "Act" in two places. Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 108-293, Sec. 802(b)(2), added subsecs. (d) and (e). 2002 - Pub. L. 107-295 inserted subsec. headings, designated first par. as subsec. (a), redesignated former subsec. (a) as (b), and added subsec. (c). 1950 - Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 9, 1950, added subsec. (a). 1941 - Act Nov. 15, 1941, struck out "by the Secretary of the Treasury or the Governor of the Panama Canal" before "under the provisions of this title". 1940 - Act Mar. 28, 1940, increased term of imprisonment. TERMINATION DATE OF 1950 AMENDMENT For termination of amendment by act Aug. 9, 1950, see section 4 of act Aug. 9, 1950, set out as a note under section 191 of this title. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) See References in Text note below. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 193 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 193. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 193. Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, Sec. 21, 62 Stat. 862. Section, acts June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title II, Sec. 3, 40 Stat. 220; Mar. 28, 1940, ch. 72, Sec. 3(b), 54 Stat. 79, related to destruction of, injury to, or improper use of vessels. See section 2274 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective Sept. 1, 1948, see section 38 of act June 25, 1948, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 1 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 194 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 194. Enforcement provisions -STATUTE- The President may employ such departments, agencies, officers, or instrumentalities of the United States as he may deem necessary to carry out the purpose of this title.(!1) -SOURCE- (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title II, Sec. 4, 40 Stat. 220; Aug. 9, 1950, ch. 656, Sec. 2, 64 Stat. 428.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This title, referred to in text, means title II of act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, 40 Stat. 220, as amended, which enacted sections 191 and 192 to 194 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1950 - Act Aug. 9, 1950, authorized President to employ such departments, agencies, etc., as he may deem necessary to carry out title II of act June 15, 1917. TERMINATION DATE OF 1950 AMENDMENT For termination of amendment by act Aug. 9, 1950, see section 4 of act Aug. 9, 1950, set out as a note under section 191 of this title. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) See References in Text note below. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 195 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 195. Definitions -STATUTE- In this Act: (1) United states. - The term "United States" includes all territory and waters, continental or insular, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. (2) Territorial waters. - The term "territorial waters of the United States" includes all waters of the territorial sea of the United States as described in Presidential Proclamation 5928 of December 27, 1988. -SOURCE- (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title XIII, Sec. 1, 40 Stat. 231; Pub. L. 96-70, title III, Sec. 3302(b), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 107-295, title I, Sec. 104(a), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2085.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This Act, referred to in text, means act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, 40 Stat. 217, as amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. Presidential Proclamation 5928 of December 27, 1988, referred to in par. (2), is set out as a note under section 1331 of Title 43, Public Lands. -COD- CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 40 of this title. In the original this section defined "United States" as used in act June 15, 1917. Other provisions of that act were contained in sections 31 to 42 of this title and certain sections of former Title 18, Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure. The definition of "United States" as used in present provisions derived from those former sections is covered by section 5 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 2002 - Pub. L. 107-295 added introductory provisions, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, struck out "as used in this Act" before "includes", and added par. (2). 1979 - Pub. L. 96-70 struck out "the Canal Zone and" after "this Act includes". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1979 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96-70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96-70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 196 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 196. Emergency foreign vessel acquisition; purchase or requisition of vessels lying idle in United States waters -STATUTE- During any period in which vessels may be requisitioned under chapter 563 of title 46, the President is authorized and empowered through the Secretary of Transportation to purchase, or to requisition, or for any part of such period to charter or requisition the use of, or to take over the title to or possession of, for such use or disposition as he shall direct, any merchant vessel not owned by citizens of the United States which is lying idle in waters within the jurisdiction of the United States and which the President finds to be necessary to the national defense. Just compensation shall be determined and made to the owner or owners of any such vessel in accordance with the applicable provisions of chapter 563 of title 46. Such compensation hereunder, or advances on account thereof, shall be deposited with the Treasurer of the United States in a separate deposit fund. Payments for such compensation and also for payment of any valid claim upon such vessel in accord with the provisions of section 56305 of title 46 shall be made from such fund upon the certificate of the Secretary of Transportation. -SOURCE- (Aug. 9, 1954, ch. 659, Sec. 1, 68 Stat. 675; Pub. L. 96-70, title III, Sec. 3302(c), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 97-31, Sec. 12(152), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 167.) -COD- CODIFICATION In text, "chapter 563 of title 46" substituted for "section 902 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, as amended" in two places and "section 56305 of title 46" substituted for "the second paragraph of subsection (d) of such section 902, as amended," on authority of Pub. L. 109-304, Sec. 18(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709, which Act enacted chapter 563 of Title 46, Shipping. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1981 - Pub. L. 97-31 substituted references to Secretary of Transportation for references to Secretary of Commerce wherever appearing. 1979 - Pub. L. 96-70 struck out ", including the Canal Zone," after "jurisdiction of the United States". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1979 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96-70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96-70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 197 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 197. Voluntary purchase or charter agreements -STATUTE- During any period in which vessels may be requisitioned under chapter 563 of title 46, the President is authorized through the Secretary of Transportation to acquire by voluntary agreement of purchase or charter the ownership or use of any merchant vessel not owned by citizens of the United States. -SOURCE- (Aug. 9, 1954, ch. 659, Sec. 2, 68 Stat. 675; Pub. L. 97-31, Sec. 12(152), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 167.) -COD- CODIFICATION In text, "chapter 563 of title 46" substituted for "section 902 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, as amended" on authority of Pub. L. 109-304, Sec. 18(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709, which Act enacted chapter 563 of Title 46, Shipping. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1981 - Pub. L. 97-31 substituted "Secretary of Transportation" for "Secretary of Commerce". -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 198 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 198. Requisitioned vessels -STATUTE- (a) Documentation of vessels Any vessel not documented under the laws of the United States, acquired by or made available to the Secretary of Transportation under sections 196 to 198 of this title, or otherwise, may, notwithstanding any other provision of law, in the discretion of the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating be documented as a vessel of the United States under such rules and regulations or orders, and with such limitations, as the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating may prescribe or issue as necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes and provisions of sections 196 to 198 of this title, and in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, engage in the coastwise trade when so documented. Any document issued to a vessel under the provisions of this subsection shall be surrendered at any time that such surrender may be ordered by the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating. No vessel, the surrender of the documents of which has been so ordered, shall, after the effective date of such order, have the status of a vessel of the United States unless documented anew. (b) Waiver of compliance The President may, notwithstanding any other provisions of law, by rules and regulations or orders, waive compliance with any provision of law relating to masters, officers, members of the crew, or crew accommodations on any vessel documented under authority of this section to such extent and upon such terms as he finds necessary because of the lack of physical facilities on such vessels, and because of the need to employ aliens for their operation. No vessel shall cease to enjoy the benefits and privileges of a vessel of the United States by reason of the employment of any person in accordance with the provisions of this subsection. (c) Coastwise trade; inspection Any vessel while documented under the provisions of this section, when chartered under sections 196 to 198 of this title by the Secretary of Transportation to Government agencies or departments or to private operators, may engage in the coastwise trade under permits issued by the Secretary of Transportation, who is authorized to issue permits for such purpose pursuant to such rules and regulations as he may prescribe. The Secretary of Transportation is authorized to prescribe such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes and provisions of this section. Section 57109 of title 46 shall not apply with respect to vessels chartered to Government agencies or departments or to private operators or otherwise used or disposed of under sections 196 to 198 of this title. Existing laws covering the inspection of steam vessels are made applicable to vessels documented under this section only to such extent and upon such conditions as may be required by regulations of the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating: Provided, That in determining to what extent those laws should be made applicable, due consideration shall be given to the primary purpose of transporting commodities essential to the national defense. (d) Reconditioning of vessels The Secretary of Transportation without regard to the provisions of section 5 of title 41 may repair, reconstruct, or recondition any vessels to be utilized under sections 196 to 198 of this title. The Secretary of Transportation and any other Government department or agency by which any vessel is acquired or chartered, or to which any vessel is transferred or made available under sections 196 to 198 of this title may, with the aid of any funds available and without regard to the provisions of said section 5 of title 41, repair, reconstruct, or recondition any such vessels to meet the needs of the services intended, or provide facilities for such repair, reconstruction, or reconditioning. The Secretary of Transportation may operate or charter for operation any vessel to be utilized under sections 196 to 198 of this title to private operators, citizens of the United States, or to any department or agency of the United States Government, without regard to the provisions of chapter 575 of title 46, and any department or agency of the United States Government is authorized to enter into such charters. (e) Effective period In case of any voyage of a vessel documented under the provisions of this section begun before the date of termination of an effective period of section 196 of this title, but is completed after such date, the provisions of this section shall continue in effect with respect to such vessel until such voyage is completed. (f) "Documented" defined When used in sections 196 to 198 of this title, the term "documented" means "registered", "enrolled and licensed", or "licensed". -SOURCE- (Aug. 9, 1954, ch. 659, Sec. 3, 68 Stat. 675; Pub. L. 89-670, Sec. 6(b)(1), (2), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 938; Pub. L. 97-31, Sec. 12(152), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 167.) -COD- CODIFICATION "Section 57109 of title 46" substituted in subsec. (c) for "The second paragraph of section 9 of the Shipping Act, 1916, as amended," and "chapter 575 of title 46" substituted in subsec. (d) for "title VII of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936" on authority of Pub. L. 109-304, Sec. 18(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709, which Act enacted section 57109 and chapter 575 of Title 46, Shipping. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1981 - Subsecs. (a), (c), (d). Pub. L. 97-31 substituted references to Secretary of Transportation for references to Secretary of Commerce wherever appearing. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. "Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating" substituted in subsec. (a) for "Secretary of the Treasury" pursuant to section 6(b)(1), (2) of Pub. L. 89-670, which transferred Coast Guard to Department of Transportation and transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation functions, powers, and duties, relating to Coast Guard, of Secretary of the Treasury and of all other officers and offices of Department of the Treasury, and which provided that notwithstanding such transfer Coast Guard shall operate as part of Navy in time of war or when President directs as provided in section 3 of Title 14, Coast Guard. See section 108 of Title 49, Transportation. DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation to Secretary of the Treasury of authority vested in President by subsec. (a) of this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 10289, eff. Sept. 17, 1951, 16 F.R. 9499, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President. -End- |
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