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Rule 31. Depositions by Written Questions

(a) When a Deposition May Be Taken.

(1) Without Leave.

A party may, by written questions, depose any person, including a party, without leave of court except as provided in Rule 31(a)(2). The deponent's attendance may be compelled by subpoena under Rule 45.

(2) With Leave.

A party must obtain leave of court, and the court must grant leave to the extent consistent with Rule 26(b)(2):

(A) if the parties have not stipulated to the deposition and:

(i) the deposition would result in more than 10 depositions being taken under this rule or Rule 30 by the plaintiffs, or by the defendants, or by the third-party defendants;

(ii) the deponent has already been deposed in the case; or

(iii) the party seeks to take a deposition before the time specified in Rule 26(d); or

(B) if the deponent is confined in prison.

(3) Service; Required Notice.

A party who wants to depose a person by written questions must serve them on every other party, with a notice stating, if known, the deponent's name and address. If the name is unknown, the notice must provide a general description sufficient to identify the person or the particular class or group to which the person belongs. The notice must also state the name or descriptive title and the address of the officer before whom the deposition will be taken.

(4) Questions Directed to an Organization.

A public or private corporation, a partnership, an association, or a governmental agency may be deposed by written questions in accordance with Rule 30(b)(6).

(5) Questions from Other Parties.

Any questions to the deponent from other parties must be served on all parties as follows: cross-questions, within 14 days after being served with the notice and direct questions; redirect questions, within 7 days after being served with cross-questions; and recross-questions, within 7 days after being served with redirect questions. The court may, for good cause, extend or shorten these times.

(b) Delivery to the Officer; Officer’s Duties.

The party who noticed the deposition must deliver to the officer a copy of all the questions served and of the notice. The officer must promptly proceed in the manner provided in Rule 30(c), (e), and (f) to:

(1) take the deponent's testimony in response to the questions;

(2) prepare and certify the deposition; and

(3) send it to the party, attaching a copy of the questions and of the notice.

(c) Notice of Completion of Filing.

(1) Completion.

The party who noticed the deposition must notify all other parties when it is completed.

(2) Filing.

A party who files the deposition must promptly notify all other parties of the filing.

Notes

 

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Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
I. SCOPE OF RULES--ONE FORM OF ACTION
1. Scope of Rules
2. One Form of Action
II. COMMENCEMENT OF ACTION; SERVICE OF PROCESS, PLEADINGS, MOTIONS, AND ORDERS
3. Commencing an Action
4. Summons
4.1. Serving Other Process
5. Serving and Filing Pleadings and Other Papers
5.1. Constitutional Challenge to a Statute - Notice, Certification, and Intervention
5.2. Privacy Protection For Filings Made with the Court
6. Computing and Extending Time; Time for Motion Papers
III. PLEADINGS AND MOTIONS
7. Pleadings Allowed; Form of Motions and Other Papers
7.1. Disclosure Statement
8. General Rules of Pleading
9. Pleading Special Matters
10. Form of Pleadings
11. Signing Pleadings, Motions, and Other Papers; Representations to the Court; Sanctions
12. Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing
13. Counterclaim and Crossclaim
14. Third-Party Practice
15. Amended and Supplemental Pleadings
16. Pretrial Conferences; Scheduling; Management
IV. PARTIES
17. Plaintiff and Defendant; Capacity; Public Officers
18. Joinder of Claims
19. Required Joinder of Parties
20. Permissive Joinder of Parties
21. Misjoinder and Nonjoinder of Parties
22. Interpleader
23. Class Actions
23.1. Derivative Actions
23.2. Actions Relating to Unincorporated Associations
24. Intervention
25. Substitution of Parties
V. DEPOSITIONS AND DISCOVERY
26. Duty to Disclose; General Provisions Governing Discovery
27. Depositions to Perpetuate Testimony
28. Persons Before Whom Depositions May Be Taken
29. Stipulations Regarding Discovery Procedure
30. Deposition by Oral Examination
31. Depositions by Written Questions
32. Using Depositions in Court Proceedings
33. Interrogatories to Parties
34. Producing Documents, Electronically Stored Information, and Tangible Things, or Entering onto Land, for Inspection and Other Purposes
35. Physical and Mental Examinations
36. Requests for Admission
37. Failure to Make Disclosures or to Cooperate in Discovery; Sanctions
VI. TRIALS
38. Right to a Jury Trial; Demand
39. Trial by Jury or by the Court
40. Scheduling Cases for Trial
41. Dismissal of Actions
42. Consolidation; Separate Trials
43. Taking Testimony
44. Proving an Official Record
44.1. Determining Foreign Law
45. Subpoena
46. Objecting to a Ruling or Order
47. Selection of Jurors
48. Number of Jurors: Verdict
49. Special Verdict; General Verdict and Questions
50. Judgment as a Matter of Law in a Jury Trial; Related Motion for a New Trial; Conditional Ruling
51. Instructions to the Jury; Objections; Preserving a Claim of Error
52. Findings and Conclusions by the Court; Judgment on Partial Findings
53. Masters
VII. JUDGMENT
54. Judgments; Costs
55. Default; Default Judgment
56. Summary Judgment
57. Declaratory Judgments
58. Entry of Judgment
59. New Trial; Altering or Amending a Judgment
60. Relief from Judgment or Order
61. Harmless Error
62. Stay of Proceedings to Enforce a Judgment
63. Judges Inability to Proceed
VIII. PROVISIONAL AND FINAL REMEDIES
64. Seizing a Person or Property
65. Injunctions and Restraining Orders
65.1 Proceedings Against a Surety
66. Receivers
67. Deposit into Court
68. Offer of Judgment
69. Execution
70. Enforcing a Judgment for a Specific Act
71. Enforcing Relief For or Against a Nonparty
IX. SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS
71.1 Condemning Real or Personal Property
72. Magistrate Judges: Pretrial Orders
73. Magistrate Judges: Trial by Consent; Appeal
74. [Abrogated]
75. [Abrogated]
76. [Abrogated]
X. DISTRICT COURTS AND CLERKS
77. Conducting Business; Clerks Authority; Notice of an Order or Judgment
78. Hearing Motions; Submission on Briefs
79. Records Kept by the Clerk
80. Stenographic Transcript as Evidence
XI. GENERAL PROVISIONS
81. Applicability of the Rules in General; Removed Actions
82. Jurisdiction and Venue Unaffected
83. Rules by District Courts; Judge's Directives
84. Forms
85. Title
86. Effective Date
XII. APPENDIX OF FORMS (U.S. Courts site)
XIII. SUPPLEMENTAL RULES FOR CERTAIN ADMIRALTY AND MARITIME CLAIMS
A. Scope of Rules
B. In Personam Actions: Attachment and Garnishment
C. Actions in Rem: Special Provisions
D. Possessory, Petitory, and Partition Actions
E. Actions in Rem and Quasi in Rem: General Provisions
F. Limitation of Liability
G. Forfeiture Actions In Rem
 
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Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure
Federal Rules of Evidence
Federal Sentencing Guidelines Manual
 
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